Abstract
Objective: Co-crystal is defined as a crystalline complex of two or more neutral molecules bound together primarily by hydrogen bonding or other non-covalent interactions. The pharmaceutical co-crystal involves crystal lattice arrangement between an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) with another pharmaceutically acceptable molecule. Co-crystals of API are preferred since they depict improved solubility, dissolution, stability, compressibility in comparison with API. Ibuprofen lysine (IL), frequently used analgesic and the anti-inflammatory drug has poor aqueous solubility and compressibility. This work shows the feasibility and optimal conditions for the preparation of co-crystals of ibuprofen lysine using Polyvivylpyrrolidone K25 (PK 25) and Polyvivylpyrrolidone K30 (PK 30) as co-formers.
 Methods: In this study, we prepared and studied the solubility, drug content, flow properties, physical stability of novel co-crystal, consisting of IL and PK 25/PK 30. The co-crystal IL: PK 30 (at a molar ratio of 0.29:0.5) and IL: PK 25 (at a molar ratio of 0.58:1) were characterized by X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Furthermore, the tablet formulations of the co-crystals were subjected to in vitro dissolution and in vivo analgesic activity, with the goal of comparing the co-crystals with IL and the marketed tablet of ibuprofen (Brufen®) respectively.
 Results: The IL: PK co-crystals demonstrated superior solubility and the dissolution properties over IL. The compression properties of the co-crystals were similar to IL. The co-crystals exhibited higher analgesic activity than the marketed tablet. 
 Conclusion: The results indicated the use of PK 25 and PK 30 as safe and promising co-crystal formers.
Highlights
Ibuprofen is BCS class II drug having high permeability and low solubility. (Dose is 600 mg, dose no is 164.38) It is remembered for the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines of the most significant drugs required in a fundamental wellbeing framework [1]
The results indicated the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone K-25 (PK 25) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PK 30) as safe and promising co-crystal formers
We have hypothesized that the soluble Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) might form heterosynthons, which might induce co-crystallization
Summary
Ibuprofen is BCS class II drug having high permeability and low solubility. (Dose is 600 mg, dose no is 164.38) It is remembered for the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines of the most significant drugs required in a fundamental wellbeing framework [1]. Ibuprofen is BCS class II drug having high permeability and low solubility. Ibuprofen (pKa esteem 4.91) has a poor and exceptionally pH-subordinate solvency [2]. Ibuprofen dissolves readily above pH 6.5 and is quickly absorbed from the small intestine in comparison with the stomach. The blood level reaches to a maximum of 1.5 to 2 h after ingestion. It indicates delayed or incomplete absorption and is attributed to the pH conditions of the small intestine [1]. Designing of ibuprofen formulation is challenging since it has pH-dependent solubility and permeability [3]. The aqueous solubility of ibuprofen salts is higher than that of the drug substance. The variation in bioavailability of ibuprofen is resolved by using ibuprofen salts, in particular, ibuprofen lysinate, ibuprofen arginate, ibuprofen sodium [1]
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