Co-creating a new theory of gender beyond the binary: A Delphi study in the United Kingdom

Abstract

This study recognizes that a pervasive, binary view of gender does not capture everyone in the United Kingdom (UK) (for example, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+); non-binary; gender-diverse communities). The study sought to develop new understandings regarding what might be relevant in considering how gender is viewed by young people in the UK. A three-round online Delphi methodology was employed with a panel of young people, aged 16–25 years, who recognized that current models of gender do not represent everyone. The panel rated a series of statements related to the way in which gender is viewed and contributed their own statements. A consensus level of 70% agreement was set to include statements in a final framework. The panel reached consensus on a collection of statements which were used to inform new guiding frames of gender to capture diverse possibilities. The framework presents a perspective which allows multiple constructions of gender to co-exist, considers that constructions may change through time, and shares how language can act as a supportive tool. The framework is discussed in relation to the existing evidence base and can be used to communicate the panel’s core messages about gender possibilities in the UK.