Co-Administered Vitamin E Isoforms d-α-tocopherol and d-δ-tocotrienol Rich Fraction Promote Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle in Diabetics

Bijo Elsy

doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180702.12

Abstract

In diabetes the structural and functional recovery of skeletal muscle is impaired due to persistent hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Vitamin E is known to be essential antioxidant for maintains the skeletal muscle homeostasis thus preventing oxidative damages. This study is designed to explore the effect of d-α-tocopherol and d-δ-tocotrienol rich fraction (d-δ-TRF) on crushed muscle regeneration in both healthy and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of aqueous alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Twenty four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated and diabetic treated. Treated groups received 100 mg/kg of d-α-tocopherol and d-δ-TRF each, orally, daily for three weeks. Through a horizontal mid-thigh skin incision and splitting of the fascia gluteus maximus was approached and crushed with Kocher’s forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crush-induced degenerative and regenerative changes in the muscle were studied by assessing the histological features, histomorphological measurements and biochemical analyses at the end of 3<sup>rd</sup> weeks. One- way ‘ANOVA’ and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis. All results revealed that the vitamin E isoforms have potency to maintain glycemic level, improve the antioxidant capacity and hasten the process of regeneration, revascularization, reinnervation and connective tissue remodeling in skeletal muscle after crush injury. It is therefore, concluded that the vitamin E isoforms are useful nutritional supplements for skeletal muscle functional and structural recovery in both healthy and diabetics.

Highlights

Skeletal muscle regenerative capacity involves the number, activation, proliferation and differentiation capacities of satellite cells as well as environment and oxidative stress [1, 2].Marked muscle atrophy is a characteristic feature of uncontrolled diabetes [3]
Vitamin E is required for plasma membrane repair in skeletal myocytes [4, 5] and it protects the muscle from diabetes-induced oxidative damage in rats [3]
Typical clinic manifestations of the diabetes such as polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria were observed in diabetic control rats while these clinical signs were reduced in diabetic treated groups after three weeks co-administration of d-α-tocopherol and dδ-tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF)

Summary

Introduction

Skeletal muscle regenerative capacity involves the number, activation, proliferation and differentiation capacities of satellite cells as well as environment and oxidative stress [1, 2].Marked muscle atrophy is a characteristic feature of uncontrolled diabetes [3]. Skeletal muscle regenerative capacity involves the number, activation, proliferation and differentiation capacities of satellite cells as well as environment and oxidative stress [1, 2]. Oxidative stress severely impairs plasma membrane repair which is a fundamental cellular activity of the skeletal myocyte and failure to repair of the membrane may result into cell death by necrosis. Vitamin E is required for plasma membrane repair in skeletal myocytes [4, 5] and it protects the muscle from diabetes-induced oxidative damage in rats [3]. Since TRF contain different vitamin E isoforms among which the -tocotrienol is the major constituent [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion