随伴陰性変動(CNV)の意義と臨床応用

Abstract

In this review, we discuss the psychophysiological properties of human contingent negative variation (CNV) observed during S1-S2 (warning stimulus-imperative stimulus)tasks. The CNV can be divided into three components. The early CNV seems to be induced by S1 and be associated with the information processing of the S1. The middle component, which emerges between the early and late CNV may be also induced by S1. Its nature and properties are, however, not fully understood. The late CNV may be induced by S2 and seems to be related to the attention paid to the S2 as well as to the preparation for the motor response.We also provided an overview of studies of CNV under psychopathological conditions in adults subjects. The abnormal features of the CNV described in psychiatric patients are related to its amplitude (often decreased, but sometimes increased) and its duration after the imperative stimulus (S2).In the field of otolaryngology, CNV is used in objective audiometry for psychogenic deafness and in objective olfactory sensory testing.In our study, CNV amplitude was larger for tinnitus patients with no hearing loss than in controls. This results is interpreted as evidence of abnormalities in the central orienting mechanism in such tinnitus patients.