CNTs-based biosensors for enzyme detection

Abstract

The paper presents a substantial review of the use of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-based sensors to detect vital enzymes. The CNTs have been exceptional in electrochemical sensing applications due to their high electrical conductivity, large surface area, chemical stability and excellent electron transfer. CNTs have been used in pure and nanocomposite forms to detect ions at varied concentrations. A classification of the physicochemical nature of the CNTs has been done to showcase the use of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based sensors for enzyme detection. The fabrication and utilization of the CNTs-based biosensors for every enzyme have been elucidated. The bodily functions are heavily dependent on enzymes and their specific concentration present in our body. The need to monitor these amounts is pivotal for a healthy life. The electrochemical sensing capability of the prototypes for some of the significant enzymes has been shown here. The detection of four types of vital enzymes, namely lipase, urease, lactate dehydrogenase and tyrosinase, using CNTs-based sensors has been highlighted. Additionally, the current challenges and their possible remedies are presented in the final section of the paper.