Abstract
Maize is an important commodity in Indonesia and is vulnerable to maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) during storage which can cause a 100% yield loss. Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a botanical pesticide able to control S. zeamais. Increasing CNSL efficiency and effectiveness requires additional adjuvants, such as solvents and dyes. Natural dyes addition is intended to provide seed markers. This study aimed to determine the best CNSL and natural dye formulation to control maize weevil and maintain maize seeds quality during storage. The research was conducted from August to October 2018 at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, Yogyakarta Mercu Buana University. The research was a single factor consisted of seven treatments with four replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were combinations of CNSL concentrations with the addition of natural dyes from suji leaf and teak leaves with one untreated control. The results of the research showed that CNSL as a seed treatment botanical pesticide could cause mortality and suppress S. zeamais populations and maintain the quality of maize seeds during storage for 12 weeks. Treatments with 20% CNSL formulation concentration and the addition of natural dyes both leaf pleomele or teak leaves could cause higher mortality and push down more populations and also could better maintain seed quality than 10 and 0% CNSL formulation concentrations.
Highlights
Maize is an important crop due to its nutrition contents, including protein, fats, fibers, and especially its carbohydrate contents which are similar to rice (78.9%) [1]
Suji leaf dye was obtained by dissolving 100 g of suji leaves with 300 ml of distilled water [19], while teak leaf dye from 30 g of teak leaves dissolved in 150 ml of solvent [20]
Contact and food toxicity Results demonstrated that Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) formulation possessed contact and digestive toxicity
Summary
Maize is an important crop due to its nutrition contents, including protein, fats, fibers, and especially its carbohydrate contents which are similar to rice (78.9%) [1]. Maize is the third most consumed staple food after wheat and rice in the world. Maize has contributed to 4050% of livestock feed raw material. At least 7.8 million ton is needed by feed industries and 2.5 million tons for breeders from a total of 19.4 million tons in 2018 and these demands have increased by up to 16% for both industries in 2019 [2]. Maize is used in energy industries as raw material for ethanol and biofuel. Due to the vast use of maize, there is merit to increase national maize production to fulfill industry demands [3]
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