CNSC-06. NAVIGATING BRAIN CANCER: PATIENT STORIES AND MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGH

Abstract

Abstract The complex interplay of genetic mutation, dys regulated signalling pathways, Epigenetic modifications and Interaction with tumor microenvironment are the major aggravating factors for Brain Tumors. Neurological complications involve Increased Intracranial pressure, Seizures, Motor and Sensory deficits, Aphasia, Hydrocephaly, Behavioral and personality changes, Cerebellar Symptoms. It is diagnosed in a sequential steps. Collecting good history from patient in primary then examining the patient all through and making some investigations to come to a final diagnosis. On asking history to a patient he complains of recurrent convulsions, Personality changes and some motor activity deficit and loss of few senses. On examination we can reveal defect in cranial nerve functions, Motor or sensory deficits, loss of reflexes and coordination. Then Investigations being the next step for diagnosis, We ask the patient to undergo for a test for Blood Biomarkers and CSF analysis in case of suspection of metastatic Brain tumors. Biopsy to obtain for Histopathological Examination. Histopathological examination is done for analysis of genetic mutations and molecular markers. The other imaging techniques like MRI, MRS, CT, PET, EEG are done. This gives a clear picture of what actually caused tumor and shows a way for treatment. Now the treatment involves both Medical and Surgical treatment. Medical treatment includes Chemotherapy along with radiation therapy where the drugs given are Temozolomide and targeted therapy included EGFR BRAF inhibitors for glioblastoma and low grade gliomas respectively. Tumor treating fields- Optune is given. Surgical treatment involves Craniotomy for removal of primary Brain tumors, Neuro Endoscopy if tumor is present in ventricles or base of Brain, Laser interstitial Thermal therapy for deap seated and recurrent brain tumors. This is all about the treatment and now the patient management is very important for further clinical help. Physical, occupational and speech therapy helps patients recover. Symptomatic approach for inoperable tumors Provide comprehensive support for patients nearing end of life, Emphasise confidence and Quality of life.