Abstract
Bifid or trifid condyle is a rare morphological alteration of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), of unknown etiology. The aim of this paper is to descri- be the imaging findings of two patients with bifid and trifid mandibular condyle associated with functional disorders. Material and Method: Two female patients, who over the last six months had presented with noi- se, click and unilateral TMJ pain radiated to the ear in addition to chronic progressive joint hypomobility, underwent CT and MRI examinations. Results: A severe asymmetry of mandibular condyles regarding size and shape, along with irregular contours and presence of cracks or channels in condylar apex, were observed. The bone structure of cortical and trabecular bone of the condyles, as well as the condylar bone marrow, had a normal appearance. The morphology of both glenoid fossa and transverse apophysis of the tempo- ral bone was normal. The articular disc presented a deformation adapted to the condylar shape, showing the biggest disc volume as related to the condylar groove; a case with an accumulation of fluid in the superior articular recess, and signs of synovitis in the anterior supradiscal recess. Both joint surfaces were covered with fibrocartilage of homogeneous appea - rance and regular thickness. Conclusions: Changes in condylar morphology deserve special attention in differential diagnosis of bone tumors. It is important for the radiologist to be aware of the extreme anatomic variability of the TMJ. Bifid condyles are affected by TMJ dysfunctions.
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