Cáncer y gestación

Abstract

The present article aims to review the approach to cancer in pregnancy and discuss the management of each of the possible diagnoses. The most frequent diagnoses are cancer of the cervix, breast, thyroid and ovary and melanoma. The development of a malignant neoplasm during pregnancy (0.07%) represents a complex and uncertain scenario. Its management requires large doses of scientific training as well as considerable psychological support and deep ethical awareness. The present article defines cancer and pregnancy as all malignant neoplasms developing during pregnancy and up to a year after delivery. In general, these neoplasms should be treated as though the woman were not pregnant, although the pregnancy and its stage should be kept in mind. An accurate diagnosis is essential, based on symptoms and the specific characteristics of each type of cancer. Conventional imaging techniques (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging…) can be used to perform extension studies, with greater limitations during the first trimester when the fetus is most sensitive. Treatment is usually feasible. The basic rule is to postpone treatment until the end of gestation in advanced pregnancies and to concentrate only on the mother when incipient. Whenever possible, surgery is preferred but radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also be associated from the second trimester.