Cáncer de mama asociado a síndrome de Poland

Abstract

IntroductionPoland syndrome is a rare congenital malformation. Its incidence ranges from 1 case per 100,000 live births. The aetiology is unclear, and several factors related to its etiopathogenesis have been identified. Previous reports have shown an association with malignant tumours such as lung cancer, Wilms tumour, leiomyosarcoma, leukaemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. Case reportA 56-year-old mixed-race woman presented with a 1-year history of a progressively growing tumour in the left breast. Physical examination revealed an anatomical malformation of the left hemithorax and upper limb. Ultrasound showed a solid, nodular, hypoechoic and irregular lesion (BIRADS IV), as well as uterine and right renal agenesis. We decided to perform total left mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, which showed uptake in the contralateral axillary tail. The histopathology report revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma, right sentinel lymph node positive for carcinoma, and left axillary lymph nodes without metastasis. ConclusionThe clinical findings correspond to those reported for this syndrome; a notable finding was the malignant tumour in the contralateral axilla, which raised a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. All patients with Poland syndrome should be carefully screened for early cancer detection.