Abstract
In 2026 the Large Hadron Collider after its upgrade will provide an instantaneous luminosity of 5÷7×1034 cm2s−1, which is three times higher than the nominal luminosity. The so-called High Luminosity LHC will be in operation for about ten years. Such a long operation means that detectors will be exposed to a very high irradiation dose. These two factors - the high instantaneous luminosity and the large irradiation dose - require more robust and higher granularity detectors and significantly faster data transmission and analysis. To face these challenges the CMS detector will be significantly upgraded in the coming years. It is planned to completely rebuild the tracker system, endcap calorimeters and install a new MIP (minimum ionizing particle) timing detector. In this paper a brief review of the CMS detector upgrades will be given, with more details on the tracker, the calorimeters and the timing detector.
Highlights
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator in the world
By 2024 it is planned that the LHC will reach a total integrated luminosity of over 300 fb-1
In 2024-26 the so-called Long Shutdown 3 will take place during which the LHC complex will be upgraded based on a number of innovative technologies that include cutting-edge superconducting magnets, compact and ultraprecise superconducting radio-frequency cavities for beam rotation, new vacuum and cryogenic systems and many other new technologies
Summary
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator in the world. To meet new Level 1 trigger requirements the readout electronics of some Cathode Strip (inner rings) and Drift tube chambers have to be upgraded The details of this upgrade are described in the Phase-2 Upgrade Technical Design Report of the CMS muon detectors [3]. In a 2S module one readout chip receives hit information from both sensors, correlates them and generates a high pT stub data that contributes to the L1 trigger This chip is developed in 130 nm CMOS technology. The modules closest to the interaction point (at about 3 cm) will experience a total ionising dose of 12 MGy, a particle fluence of 2.3×1016 neq/cm, a PU event rate up to 200, and a hit rate up to 3 GHz/cm2 To cope with such harsh conditions several sensor technologies are under evaluation. A detailed description of HGCAL is given in the Technical Design Report [5]
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