CMR Predictors of Mitral Regurgitation in Mitral Valve Prolapse

Abstract

We sought to assess the correlation between mitral valve characteristics and severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) in subjects with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Compared with extensive echocardiographic studies, CMR predictors of MVP-related MR are unknown. The severity of MR at the time of diagnosis has prognostic implication for patients; therefore, the identification of determinants of MR and its progression may be important for risk stratification, follow-up recommendations, and surgical decision making. Seventy-one MVP patients (age 54 ± 11 years, 58% males, left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction 65 ± 5%) underwent cine CMR to assess annular dimensions, maximum systolic anterior and posterior leaflet displacement, papillary muscle (PM) distance to coaptation point and prolapsed leaflets, as well as diastolic anterior and posterior leaflet thickness and length, and LV volumes and mass. Velocity-encoded CMR was used to obtain aortic outflow and to quantify MR volume. Using multiple linear regression analysis including all variables, LV mass (p < 0.001), anterior leaflet length (p = 0.006), and posterior displacement (p = 0.01) were the best determinants of MR volume with a model-adjusted R(2) = 0.6. When the analysis was restricted to valvular characteristics, MR volume correlated with anterior mitral leaflet length (p < 0.001), posterior mitral leaflet displacement (p = 0.003), posterior leaflet thickness (p = 0.008), and the presence of flail (p = 0.005) with a model-adjusted R(2) = 0.5. We also demonstrated acceptable intraobserver and interobserver variability in these measurements. Anterior leaflet length, posterior leaflet displacement, posterior leaflet thickness, and the presence of flail are the best CMR valvular determinants of MVP-related MR. The acceptable intraobserver and interobserver variability of our measurements confirms the role of CMR as an imaging modality for assessment of MVP patients with significant MR.