Abstract
A CMOS image sensor-based implantable glucose sensor based on an optical-sensing scheme is proposed and experimentally verified. A glucose-responsive fluorescent hydrogel is used as the mediator in the measurement scheme. The wired implantable glucose sensor was realized by integrating a CMOS image sensor, hydrogel, UV light emitting diodes, and an optical filter on a flexible polyimide substrate. Feasibility of the glucose sensor was verified by both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases all over the world, especially in advanced nations
Because blood sampling is required for measurements, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) cannot be used for the continuous monitoring of blood glucose in daily life
SMBG is an effective solution for monitoring diabetes, there is a demand for more frequent glucose measurements
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases all over the world, especially in advanced nations. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is widely used for daily checks by the diabetic patients [1]. The blood glucose is measured by a portable sensing device with a disposable sensor chip. Because blood sampling is required for measurements, SMBG cannot be used for the continuous monitoring of blood glucose in daily life. SMBG is an effective solution for monitoring diabetes, there is a demand for more frequent glucose measurements. A small-sized, wireless, fully implantable glucose-sensing device is an ideal solution for continuous glucose monitoring with minimal invasiveness and infection risk. Almost all the current glucose sensing products (SMBG and CGMS) and many next-generation glucose sensors under development use electrochemical glucose-sensing schemes using enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOD) or glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) [3,4,5,6]. Functional verification results from both in vitro (out-of-body) and in vivo (in-living-body) experiments are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed glucose monitoring technology
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