¿Cómo afecta el ganado doméstico a la biomasa y la fecundidad de distintos tipos sucesionales de especies en el Monte Patagónico?

Abstract

Plants respond to disturbances according to their physiological characteristics, their lifeform, and their ecological role or function within the community. We assessed the response, in terms of biomass and fitness, to a gradient of stocking density (measured as livestock units.year.ha-1) considering different successional types of species (early, intermediate and late species) from Patagonian Monte Desert. We estimated plant biomass and fitness through different variables such as plant size (diameter x height of the plant), reproductive effort (% flowering or fruiting branches) and percentage of viable seeds (seed set). We observed that browsing decreased plant biomass and fitness, both through reproductive effort and seed set. However, the successional types of species showed different seed set in response to grazing intensity. With increased stocking density, the size of early species decreased, the size of intermediate species increased and the size of late species did not show significant changes. In general, browsing negatively affected the reproductive effort of all species, and the seed set only in late specie, while early and intermediate species showed an increase in seed set. These results suggest that late species are the most affected by livestock in terms of fecundity, which might reduce their recruitment. The increase in their biomass with stocking density in intermediate species suggests a compensatory response, which could give them a short-term advantage. Tissue loss suffered by plants due to livestock consumption impacts the seed set, with possible consequences on the rate and time of seedling emergence. These results aid to understand plant population dynamics under disturbances, providing useful information to elaborate adequate conservation, sustainable management and restoration strategies for arid ecosystems.