Abstract
This paper identifies the climatic regions in Indonesia based on the rainfall pattern similarity using TRMM data. Indonesia is a tropical climate region with three main climate clusters, i.e. monsoonal, anti-monsoonal and semi-monsoonal. The clusters were formed by examining rainfall observation datasets recorded at a number of stations over Indonesia with coarse spatial resolution. Clustering based on higher resolution datasets is needed to characterize the rainfall pattern over remote areas with no stations. TRMM provides a high resolution gridded dataset. A statistical test has been applied to evaluate the significance of TRMM bias, and it indicated that the TRMM based satellite precipitation product is a reasonable choice to be used as an input to cluster regions in Indonesia based on the similarity of rainfall patterns. The clustering by Euclidean distance revealed that Indonesia can be grouped into three significantly different rainfall patterns. Compared to the existing references, there have been regions where the rainfall pattern has been shifted. The results in this research thus update the previously defined climate regions in Indonesia.
Highlights
Indonesia is an archipelago located between 100S to 60N, and 950E to 1410E, and part of its regions lies on the equatorial line with a high degree of rainfall variability
This paper identified the climatic regions in Indonesia using the satelite TRMM data as input
It has been proven that the TRMM has no significant bias towards the ground dataset, which means that the TRMM data are a good way to overcome the weaknesses of groud data, especially in the case of data scarcity due to the limited number of meteorological stations
Summary
Indonesia is an archipelago located between 100S to 60N, and 950E to 1410E, and part of its regions lies on the equatorial line with a high degree of rainfall variability. The latitude and longitude position, topography, the ocean, and the land influence the climate variability. Authors in [2] found that Indonesia can be clustered into three rainfall patterns (hereafter referred to as climate regions), i.e. monsoon, anti-monsoon and semi-monsoon types. The monsoon type is influenced by the big scale of ocean wind and this pattern clearly shows the difference between the dry and wet season in a year, and has only one maximum rainfall in a year. Due to the high degree of rainfall variability, the analysis of precipitation conditions in Indonesia requires long historical series with adequate spatial coverage
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