Abstract
Background: The interaction between physical activity (PA), diet, and sedentary behavior (SB) plays an important role on health-related outcomes. This scoping review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aims to identify and appraise clusters of PA, diet, and SB among youth (0–19 years) according to country income. Methods: Five databases were searched. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Fifty-five cluster types were identified, with greater variety in high-income than lower income countries. The most prevalent profiles were “High SB and consumption of sugar, salt, and beverages (SSB)” (n = 17) and “High PA” (n = 13–5), both of which presented in all income countries. The healthiest profile, “High PA and fruit and vegetables (F&V); Low SB and SSB” (n = 12), was present in upper-middle and high-income countries, while the unhealthiest “Low PA and F&V; High SB and SSB” (n = 6) was present only in high-income countries. Conclusions: High SB and unhealthy diet (SSB) were more prevalent in clusters, mainly in high-income countries. The results support the need for multi-component actions targeting more than one behavior at the same time.
Highlights
Physical activity (PA), dietary patterns, and sedentary behavior (SB) are recognized as obesity behavioral determinants [1], which have commonly been targeted on interventions [2,3] due to their effects on energy balance
A previous narrative review identified that PA, diet, and SB cluster in healthy and unhealthy patterns [10], which was observed in recent studies [6,11]
A multicentric study conducted in ten European cities identified that 42% of adolescents were allocated to a cluster characterized by low levels of PA and SB, and high-quality diet [12]
Summary
Physical activity (PA), dietary patterns, and sedentary behavior (SB) are recognized as obesity behavioral determinants [1], which have commonly been targeted on interventions [2,3] due to their effects on energy balance Their interaction plays an important role in overweight [4] and other health outcomes [5,6,7] in children and adolescents. Another study conducted in Brazil observed that 45% of 102,072 adolescents were allocated in a cluster characterized by healthy PA and diet profile, spending almost four hours daily in SB [13] These clusters have been associated with social, economic, and cultural aspects that do not affect individual behaviors [14,15]
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