Abstract
We investigate experimentally the collective behavior of a wet granular monolayer under vertical vibrations. The spherical particles are partially wet such that there are short-ranged attractive interactions between adjacent particles. As the vibration strength increases, clustering, reorganizing and melting regimes are identified subsequently through a characterization with the bond-orientational order parameters and the mean kinetic energy of the particles. The melting transition is found to be a continuous process starting from the defects inside the crystal.
Highlights
We focus on the collective behavior of a wet granular monolayer subjected to vertical vibrations along the direction of gravity
From both the internal structure and the mobility of the particles, we identify three distinct regimes: Clustering of mobilized particles, reorganization of small clusters into a hexagonal crystal with defects, and a continuous melting initiated at the defects
In comparison to other local measures such as coordination number or local area fraction, the advantage of using bond-orientational order parameters (BOOP) is that the influence of particles on the edge of a cluster is minimized, which is essential for analyzing the structure of small clusters
Summary
We focus on the collective behavior of a wet granular monolayer subjected to vertical vibrations along the direction of gravity. From both the internal structure and the mobility of the particles, we identify three distinct regimes: Clustering of mobilized particles, reorganization of small clusters into a hexagonal crystal with defects, and a continuous melting initiated at the defects
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