Clustering Analysis of Natural D-borneol Resource Plants Based on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers, Leaf Morphology, and Chemical Composition.

Abstract

D-borneol is a double-loop monoterpene with a wide use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Natural D-borneol can be extracted from branches and leaves of D-borneol resource plants. With the widespread use of natural D-borneol, the identification of D-borneol resource plants and the protection of germplasm resources have become the focus of research. In this study, plant leaf morphology, chemical composition, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker analysis were used to analyze and cluster 5 species of D-borneol resource plants and their closely related species. It was found that all three analysis methods could distinguish and cluster these D-borneol resource plants to some degree. The result of SSR analysis using capillary electrophoresis was the best, and it could distinguish Mei Pian tree from Yin Xiang as well as Longnao Zhang from An Zhang. The correlation analysis between SSR similarity matrix and leaf morphology analysis and between SSR similarity matrix and chemical composition similarity matrix revealed that they both had significant correlations (P < 0.0001) and the correlation (r = 0.588) between SSR and leaf morphology was a little higher than that (r = 0.519) between SSR and chemical composition. This indicated that the environment had a greater impact on the chemical composition than on leaf morphology. The research findings will offer efficient techniques to cluster natural D-borneol resource plants and establish a theoretical basis for their future development and utilization.