Abstract
Recently, the importance of vehicle safety supporting system has been highlighted as autonomous driving and platooning has attracted the researchers. To ensure driving safety, each vehicle must broadcast a basic safety message (BSM) every 100 ms. However, stable BSM exchange is difficult because of the changing environment and limited bandwidth of vehicular wireless communication. The increasing number of vehicles on the road increases the competition to access wireless networks for BSM exchange; this increases the packet collision rate. An increased packet collision rate impairs the transmission and reception of BSM information, which can easily cause a traffic accident. We propose a solution, the vehicular safety support system (V3S), which exchanges BSMs reliably even when many vehicles are on the road. The V3S uses a clustering scheme to decrease network traffic by reducing the amount of data exchanged between a vehicle and the roadside unit (RSU). In addition, the V3S reduces the collision rate of wireless network packets by broadcasting the vehicle's BSM in an allocated timeslot using the time division multiple access (TDMA) MAC protocol. The V3S also deals with insufficient bandwidth for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) by changing DSRC channels according to traffic flow. In evaluating the packet error rate for stable BSM packet delivery, the V3S demonstrates an excellent packet error rate of less than 1%, compared to the 802.11p with its packet error rate of 82%.
Highlights
With the continuing need for a more capable transportation environment, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) has emerged to provide the information needed for traffic management and vehicular safety [1]
The vehicular safety support system (V3S), which exchanges basic safety message (BSM) reliably even when many vehicles are on the road
The V3S deals with insufficient bandwidth for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) by changing DSRC channels according to traffic flow
Summary
With the continuing need for a more capable transportation environment, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) has emerged to provide the information needed for traffic management and vehicular safety [1]. The wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) standard recommends that each vehicle broadcast a basic safety message (BSM) [2] at least once every 100 ms. Communication between vehicles is central to exchanging BSMs reliably, and the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) technology supports this. The CCH and SCHs have a fixed size, but studies have been made adjusting the CCH and SCH periods according to the vehicle communication environment [7,8,9] (e.g., extending SCH interval on low utilization of CCH [7]). It is difficult to guarantee the communication delay time required to transmit the safety application message because the period of the channel is continually changing. This paper proposes a novel clustering-based vehicular safety support system (V3S) that reliably sends a BSM every 100 ms.
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