Abstract
Clusters are quite important at various situations in heavy-ion collisions and in excited low-density nuclear matter. Antisymmetrized molecular dynamics has been improved to take into account the correlations to form light clusters such as deuterons and alpha particles. The present status of this approach for the description of multifragmentation is reported. Calculated results demonstrate strong impacts of clusters in various observables including those usually regarded as probes of the density dependence of symmetry energy.
Highlights
Fragments and light clusters are copiously produced in various situations in heavy-ion collisions
In Xe + Sn central collisions at 50 MeV/nucleon, the INDRA data [1] show that only 10% of total protons in the system are emitted as free protons and all the other protons are bound in light clusters, such as α particles, and in heavier fragment nuclei
When we turn off the cluster correlations in antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD), we find the sensitivity to the symmetry energy is lost in the (N/Z)gas spectral ratio
Summary
Fragments and light clusters are copiously produced in various situations in heavy-ion collisions. In Xe + Sn central collisions at 50 MeV/nucleon, the INDRA data [1] show that only 10% of total protons in the system are emitted as free protons and all the other protons are bound in light clusters, such as α particles, and in heavier fragment nuclei. The cluster composition in excited low-density nuclear matter can be an important factor to describe corecollapse supernovae [4]. The heavy-ion data from Texas A&M have been analyzed to extract the cluster composition and other properties of nuclear matter as functions of the evolution of the temperature and the density [5]. In the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) approach, we have introduced cluster correlations by improving the two-nucleon collision procedure [10]. The aims of the rest of this article are to report the present status of this approach and to demonstrate the importance of clusters in the studies of heavy-ion collisions
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