Abstract
Background: People with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are at risk of developing structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that are unrelated to common cardiac risk factors (e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking habit). AIDS may be associated with chronic inflammation related to multiple factors related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and its complications. Cardiac abnormality with AIDS may be subclinical and may present long before the onset of clinical heart failure symptoms. Objectives: To anticipate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity in people with AIDS. Methods: The researchers studied 52 people with AIDS in this observational cross-sectional study, which were further categorized into those with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count of less than 200/mm3 and those with CD4 count of more than 200/mm3. Echocardiographic examinations were done to evaluate cardiac structural and functional values. Results: Mean age was 33 years old, predominantly male (71.2%). The group with a CD4 count of less than 200/mm3 showed higher Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) values (113.08 vs. 39.99, p=0.012), a higher risk of developing diastolic dysfunction (OR 9.35, CI 95%, p=0.018) and pericardial effusion (OR 3.83, CI 95%, p=0.048). Conclusion: A CD4 count of less than 200/mm3 is associated with a higher risk of developing cardiac diastolic dysfunction and structural abnormalities.
Highlights
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain a worldwide pandemic, with an estimation of 36.7 million cases worldwide up until 2015; with five million cases found in Asia-Pacific region, including Indonesia.[1]HIV infection has been well known to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity, represented by a higher risk of cardiovascular disease even in the absence of major conventional cardiovascular risk factors
We found no significant correlation between cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count and other functional echocardiographic findings such as left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (p = 0.329), regional wall motion (p = 0.480), and LV Hypertrophy (LVH) types (p = 0.535)
Older age is well known to increase the risk of diastolic dysfunction, while other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral artery disease frequently comorbid in obese populations.[2, 6, 20]
Summary
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain a worldwide pandemic, with an estimation of 36.7 million cases worldwide up until 2015; with five million cases found in Asia-Pacific region, including Indonesia.[1]HIV infection has been well known to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity, represented by a higher risk of cardiovascular disease even in the absence of major conventional cardiovascular risk factors (i.e. dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking habit). Function in Patients with Hiv - Aids study about these subclinical findings may be useful in order to anticipate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity people with AIDS. People with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are at risk of developing structural and functional cardiac abnormalities that are unrelated to common cardiac risk factors (e.g. Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking habit). The group with a CD4 count of less than 200/mm showed higher Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) values (113.08 vs 39.99, p=0.012), a higher risk of developing diastolic dysfunction (OR 9.35, CI 95%, p=0.018) and pericardial effusion (OR 3.83, CI 95%, p=0.048). Conclusion: A CD4 count of less than 200/mm is associated with a higher risk of developing cardiac diastolic dysfunction and structural abnormalities
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