Abstract
This study aims to compare the performance of each method (hierarchical and non-hierarchical) of the grouping formed by several HDI from the 27 brazilian states, through the cluster analysis technique. As well as determining how many states there are in each formed group, to thus specify which technique best represents the data. Data from Atlas Brasil 2013 were used in relation to the 2010 HDI. For cluster analysis, the Mahalanobins matrix was used with the hierarchical method, from the data obtained, we applied the simple linkage methods, complete, average, ward liaison and a non-hierarchical method through the K-means method, the conphenetic correlation coefficient was also applied to measure the degree of fit between the original similar matrices and the resulting matrix of simplification provided by the grouping method. However, the method that best represents the data was the complete link. When grouping the states, the similarity between the HDI-R, HDI-L and HDI-S variables was considered this relationship formed similar groups between the connections from different regions of Brazil.
Highlights
The Human Development Index (HDI) was created in 1998 by two economists, the Pakistani Mahbub Ul Haq and the Indian Amartya, at the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
In the cluster analysis used, a difference was observed between the methods applied, both for the hierarchical method and for the non-hierarchical method, each method showing its advantage and disadvantage
The hierarchical method has the advantage of using different dissimilar measures, its disadvantage is to reduce the number of outliers
Summary
The Human Development Index (HDI) was created in 1998 by two economists, the Pakistani Mahbub Ul Haq and the Indian Amartya, at the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). According to data from the 2013 atlas, the Brazilian states present a considerable discrepancy in values obtained by the HDI with a range of 0.631 to 0.824 within a probable range, and can assume values between 0 and 1, the closer the HDI of a country is to 1, the more developed it becomes. This difference can be partly explained by the varieties of characteristic that distinguish one state (or country) from another in its geographical, economic, and infrastructure aspects (Costa, 2019)
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