Abstract
Club cell secretory protein (CC16) is encoded by the SCGB1A1 gene. It is also known as CC10, secretoglobin, or uteroglobin. CC16 is a 16 kDa homodimeric protein secreted primarily by the non-ciliated bronchial epithelial cells, which can be detected in the airways, circulation, sputum, nasal fluid, and urine. The biological activities of CC16 and its pathways have not been completely understood, but many studies suggest that CC16 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The human CC16 gene is located on chromosome 11, p12-q13, where several regulatory genes of allergy and inflammation exist. Studies reveal that factors such as gender, age, obesity, renal function, diurnal variation, and exercise regulate CC16 levels in circulation. Current findings indicate CC16 not only may reflect the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, but also could serve as a potential biomarker in several lung diseases and a promising treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of CC16 in pulmonary diseases.
Highlights
Millions of people suffer from respiratory diseases, a leading cause of death worldwide [1]
Another study showed that serum Club cell secretory protein (CC16) of cyclists who exposed to photochemical smog (O3 levels around 0.08) was slightly increased after two hours of riding
Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of CC16 were significantly increased in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) compared with non-IPF patients and healthy controls [50]
Summary
Millions of people suffer from respiratory diseases, a leading cause of death worldwide [1]. Even though significant progress has been made in the long-term management of chronic lung diseases, reliable tools for early diagnosis and effective therapeutic drugs are lacking [2]. Acute lung diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are difficult to treat due to their sites of injury and inflammation are located deep in the lung [3]. Subpopulations of club cells such as variant club cells are epithelial progenitors in airways after epithelium injury [11]. Club cells play a key role in pulmonary homeostasis and immunity in both acute and chronic lung diseases. We review our current knowledge and the ongoing investigations on CC16 and its prospects in clinical medicine to prevalent or treat several acute and chronic lung diseases
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