Cloves Regulate Na+-K+-ATPase to Exert Antioxidant Effect and Inhibit UVB Light-Induced Skin Damage in Mice.

Xi Gao,Hengguang Zhao,Fuling Luo,J L Franco

doi:10.1155/2021/5197919

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) on the mouse skin using a UVB-induced skin injury mouse model. The serum, liver, and skin indexes of mice were determined by kits, H&E tissue staining, and qPCR assay. The compound composition of cloves was determined by HPLC. The results showed that cloves increased the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in the skin and then maintained the sodium and potassium pump in the damaged skin muscle membrane. Cloves alleviated the oxidative stress injury induced by UVB irradiation by normalizing the related oxidative stress indexes (T-SOD, CAT, AGEs, and H2O2) in serum and skin. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 occurred after treatment with cloves, which ultimately reduced the inflammatory damage to the body. Further results showed that cloves upregulate SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSH, IL-10, IκB-α, AMPK, SIRT1, LKB1, PGC-1α, APPL1, and FoxO1 and downregulate NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and mTOR mRNA expression in the skin tissues of UVB-damaged mice. The results of composition analysis showed that the five most abundant compounds in cloves are rutin, isoquercitrin, ferulic acid, dihydroquercetin, and quercitrin. Cloves regulate the skin sarcomembrane Na+-K+-ATPase through these five compounds, and because they regulate the oxidation, inflammation, and ATP energy consumption of the body, they subsequently protect the skin from UVB damage.

Highlights

The skin is the first barrier between the human body and the outside environment and plays many roles such as protecting the body and regulating body temperature, sensation, secretion, excretion, and immunity
The clove extract was analyzed by HPLC, and five main compounds were detected (Figure 1), which were rutin, isoquercitrin, ferulic acid, dihydroquercetin, and quercitrin
According to the experimental results of this study, cloves can normalize the levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, GSH, MDA, and

Summary

Introduction

The skin is the first barrier between the human body and the outside environment and plays many roles such as protecting the body and regulating body temperature, sensation, secretion, excretion, and immunity. Ultraviolet (UV) light, infrared (IR) light, dust, and haze will cause physical damage, among which UV radiation is the most significant [1]. The acute skin injury caused by UV radiation mainly manifests as a red and dry cortex, damaged epidermis, muscle relaxation, rough folds, local abnormal pigment deposition, and leather-like appearance. Studies have shown that damage by light can lead to severe keratinization of the skin that prevents the transfer of substances and energy. It is mainly manifested as a flattening of the epidermal layer, disappearance of the epidermal protrusion and papillary layer, distortion of the epidermal capillaries, decreased immune function, and inflammatory proliferation of melanoma cells [2]

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