Abstract
AbstractThere are several important annual and perennial clovers, including berseem (T. alexandrinumL.), Persian clover (T. resupinatumL.), subterranean clover (T. subterraneumL.), red clover (T. pratenseL.), and white clover (T. repensL.), which are used as cool season forage crops in many countries around the world. Genetic transformation is routine for a number of clover species, and traits of interest to producers have been demonstrated to be effective. To date, only white, red, and subterranean clovers have been the main targets of forage biotechnology. Published reports demonstrated the stable expression and inheritance of transgenes in white clovers. White clover has many of the characteristics of a successful weed plant, but the chances of transgenic white clover transferring genes to other organisms were found to be negligible because it does not naturally hybridize with any other plant species. Nevertheless, the current highly segmented clover seed production industry and high cost of commercialization of plant biotechnology traits do not favor the commercialization of transgenic clovers in the near future.
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