Abstract
Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically unstable colloidal systems that encapsulate bioactive substances. In this study, we aimed to produce stable clove essential oil (CEO) nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification and compare their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Nanoemulsions were formed by mixing the CEO with medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT) and nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 or Kolliphor HS 15) into an aqueous solution. The stability of the nanoemulsions was evaluated during storage at different temperatures (4, 20, and 37 °C). Smaller (d < 30 nm) and more stable nanoemulsions were formed with a 6% CEO concentration. The anticancer activity of nanoemulsions was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, and HeLa). The nanoemulsions showed a cytotoxic activity four times higher than the free CEO against the Caco-2 cell line. Our findings show that nanoemulsions improved the cytotoxic activity against cancer lines, which could have applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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