Abstract
Obesity and hyperglycemia are two serious chronic diseases that are increasing in incidence worldwide. This research aimed to develop a fermented cloudy apple juice with good hyperglycemia intervention activities. Here, cloudy apple juice (CAJ), cloudy apple juice rich in polyphenols (CAJP) and fermented cloudy apple juice rich in polyphenols (FCAJP) were prepared sequentially, and then the effects of the three apple juices on weight, lipid level, gut microbiota composition and intestinal tract health were evaluated for obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. The research findings revealed that the FCAJP showed potential to inhibit the weight gain of mice, reduce fat accumulation, and regulate the blood lipid levels of obese mice by decreasing the ratio of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidotas, improving the Sobs, Ace, and Chao indexes of the gut microbiota and protecting intestinal tract health. In addition, the FCAJP augmented the abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroides, which were positively related to SCFAs in cecal contents. This study inferred that FCAJP could be developed as a healthy food for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia.
Highlights
Obesity is an important pathogenic factor for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease, and has become a serious public health issue around the world [1]
The effects of the cloudy apple juice rich in polyphenols (CAJP) group were better than the cloudy apple juice (CAJ) group, and the fermented cloudy apple juice rich in polyphenols (FCAJP) showed the greatest effect
The comparison between these three groups showed that polyphenols and Lactobacillus are important substances for obesity prevention
Summary
Obesity is an important pathogenic factor for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease, and has become a serious public health issue around the world [1]. The most effective way to prevent obesity is to restrict food and excessive energy intake, and increase energy consumption, for example, through exercise; few individuals can maintain these approaches over a long period of time [3]. Gut microbiota participate in various metabolic activities in the human body that are closely related to health, such as regulating peristalsis and participating in the absorption of nutrients [5]. If the dynamic balance is broken over a long time, it will cause disorders of the gut microbiota and lead to various diseases. A high fat diet can alter the composition of gut microbiota, leading to the occurrence of obesity and other metabolic disorders [6]. Regulating the balance of the gut microbiota by eating healthy food can prevent various diseases caused by gut microbiota without side effects [7]
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