Abstract
With the increasing penetration of Internet of Things devices and distributed energy resources in the next-generation distribution network, the efficient energy management for system operation are facing new challenges. One reason is that the large-scale resources cannot be all connected to the supervisory control and data acquisition system, which have limited storage and computation capabilities. In order to adapt to the new energy management requirements of next-generation distribution networks, a state-of-the-art energy management method called cloud-fog hierarchical architecture is proposed in this work. Based on this architecture, we established a utility and revenue model for various stakeholders, including normal customers, prosumers, and distribution system operators. Furthermore, by embedding an artificial intelligence module in the proposed architecture, energy management could be implemented automatically. In this work, neural network are used at fog computing layers to achieve regression prediction of energy usage behavior and power source output. Moreover, based on the maximizing utility objective function, the amount of energy consumption of customers and prosumers in the distribution network was optimized with a genetic algorithm at cloud layer. The proposed methods were tested with a set of normal customers and prosumers in a general distribution network, and the results, including the captured usage patterns of the customers and revenues of various stakeholders, verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work provides an effective reference for the development of real-time energy management systems for the next-generation distribution network.
Highlights
55 prosumers and 503 normal customers are distributed in a general distribution network (DN), where the proposed cloud-fog architecture is deployed to implement energy management and decision-making optimization
The prosumers are normally connected to a bus of the underlying DN by the point of common coupling (PCC) in the distribution grid
Withreform, the development the energy bigcloud-fog data technology and technology and power market this paper of proposes the internet, concept of hierarchical power reform,architecture this paper proposes the concept of cloud-fog hierarchical energy management energymarket management for DN energy management and decision-making
Summary
With the rapid penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution network (DN), conventional electricity consumers who own these small-scale generation facilities become prosumers, that is, they consume energy from and generate to the utility grid. Active prosumers, who allow for bi-directional flows of energy, are increasing, enabling more grid operation flexibility. With the increasing number of IoT devices and the application of energy internet technology in almost all aspects of the power grid, the information and data exchange among different parties becomes more frequent, and increasingly controllable units participate in the energy operation and management process of the DN. This increased penetration of smart things and renewable energy resources (RESs) in the DN have paved the way for the next-generation distribution grid. The real-time energy management of these next-generation distribution grid is attracting increasing attention [4,5,6,7,8]
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