Abstract
Integration of sensors into various kinds of products and machines provides access to in-depth usage information as basis for product optimization. Presently, this large potential for more user-friendly and efficient products is not being realized because (a) sensor integration and thus usage information is not available on a large scale and (b) product optimization requires considerable efforts in terms of manpower and adaptation of production equipment. However, with the advent of cloud-based services and highly flexible additive manufacturing techniques, these obstacles are currently crumbling away at rapid pace. The present study explores the state of the art in gathering and evaluating product usage and life cycle data, additive manufacturing and sensor integration, automated design and cloud-based services in manufacturing. By joining and extrapolating development trends in these areas, it delimits the foundations of a manufacturing concept that will allow continuous and economically viable product optimization on a general, user group or individual user level. This projection is checked against three different application scenarios, each of which stresses different aspects of the underlying holistic concept. The following discussion identifies critical issues and research needs by adopting the relevant stakeholder perspectives.
Highlights
Imagine there’s a product that starts collecting data from the moment that it’s being made—a product that collects, evaluates these data, and passes the results on into the cloud: information
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We have outlined the characteristics of a new manufacturing paradigm designated as Usage Data-Enhanced Cloud-based Design and Manufacturing (UDE-CBDM)
Summary
Imagine there’s a product that starts collecting data from the moment that it’s being made—a. Important is a legally and technically secure access for the various potential producers and service providers to initial and optimized product design and manufacturing information This global access to (general product and usage) data, software tools and manufacturing resources is the primary link of our scenario to the concept of the cloud (please consider Figure 8 in Section 3 in this respect). The only suitable manufacturing process class that may provide the flexibility our vision requires is additive manufacturing (AM), which is capable of producing a part directly from a digital model This way, product modifications can in principle be handled entirely in the virtual world, allowing economic definition and production of individual product variants.
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