Abstract
ABSTRACT: Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is the main causative agent of antimicrobial-related diarrhea in humans and a major pathogen-associated enteric disorder in foals and adult horses. Moreover, studies have suggested that animals are a possible reservoir of toxigenic C. difficile strains for humans. Despite this known importance, the epidemiology of C. difficile infection (CDI) in equine is still largely unknown. Therefore, this study described six cases of equine CDI occurring in Minas Gerais, Brazil, including the characterization of the isolates. All but one equine included in this research developed CDI after antimicrobial therapy, three of which occurred during hospitalization. Coinfection with Salmonella Heidelberg and S. Infantis was detected in three cases, making the antimicrobial treatment challenging. All animals recovered after metronidazole administration. All C. difficile isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, while three were resistant to moxifloxacin and two were resistant to clindamycin. The isolates were classified as RT126 (n = 4), RT078 (n = 1), and RT014/020 (n = 1), all previously reported infecting humans and animals worldwide.
Highlights
Diarreia por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile em equinos em Minas Gerais, Brasil: caracterização clínica e microbiológica de seis casos
Studies have suggested that animals are a possible reservoir of toxigenic C. difficile strains for humans
This study described six cases of equine C. difficile infection (CDI) occurring in Minas Gerais, Brazil, including the characterization of the isolates
Summary
Diarreia por Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile em equinos em Minas Gerais, Brasil: caracterização clínica e microbiológica de seis casos. This study described six cases of equine CDI occurring in Minas Gerais, Brazil, including the characterization of the isolates. Samples were plated on MacConkey agar (Oxoid, USA) for Escherichia coli isolation and up to three lactose-fermenting colonies were subjected to a PCR for the detection of specific virulent genes of E. coli pathovars (RAMOS et al, Table 1 - Clinical and epidemiological aspects, ribotyping (RT) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Clostridioides difficile isolated from six equines with confirmed CDI.
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