Clostridia in Commercial Fish of the Azov and Black Seas and in Aquaculture Facilities in the Southern Region of Russia

Yuriy Aleksandrovich Fedorov,Roman Gennad'Yevich Trubnik,Marina Aleksandrovna Morozova

doi:10.3844/ojbsci.2019.37.45

Yuriy Aleksandrovich Fedorov, Roman Gennad'Yevich Trubnik + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2019.37.45

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Abstract

The paper presents studies on the infection with clostridia of fish with skin lesions and ulcers on the surface of the body. The objects of study were syrman goby from the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov, turbot from the shelf zone of the north-eastern Black Sea and carps reared under aquaculture conditions. Using an Autoflex speed III Bruker Daltonics (Germany) mass spectrometer, by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was showed that sulfite-reducing clostridia (Clostridium perfringens, C. sporogenes) have been shown to infect the organs and tissues of syrman goby with vibriosis and turbot with ulcerative skin lesions of unknown etiology. Species such as Clostridium difficile, Clostridium novyi are of clinical importance and were found in the parenchymal organs of carp suffering from chronic aeromonas infection on pond fish farms in the southern Russia. These bacteria are its cosmopolitan distribution ability them to generate heat-resistant spores and cause food poisoning, which makes control and prevention measures needed in the food chain.

Highlights

In the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay, in the estuary of the Don River, sirman goby specimens were found to be sick with vibriosis and in the shelf zone of the northeastern part of the Black Sea, specimens of the Black Sea flounder with ulcerated skin lesions were found
The syrman goby and the Black Sea turbot are objects of intensive fishing; they live in the contaminated bottom layer of the water column; the sources of their infection with sulfite-reducing clostridia are both water and bottom sediments
Anaerobic bacteremia caused by sulfite-reducing clostridia (Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes) was found in the individuals of syrman goby with a bacterial disease, namely, vibriosis, in the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay where its waters mix with the waters of the Don river; and in turbot with ulcerative lesions of their skin in the shelf zone of the north-eastern Black Sea

Summary

Introduction

Bacteria of the Clostridium genus are a large and widespread group among anaerobes. They are found in various climatic zones, in a wide variety of soils, in water and bottom sediments of lakes, rivers, seas and oceans (La Sala et al, 2015; Abia et al, 2015; Trubnik et al, 2017; Fedorov et al, 2018). According to the Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (Holt, 1994), this genus inludes more than 100 species, there are about 150 ones (CortésSánchez, 2018). Species of clostridia are heterogeneous both phylogenetically and phenotypically. We know the following pathogenic species: C. botulinum (botulism pathogen), C. tetani (tetanus pathogen), C. septicum, C. perfringens type A, C. oedematiens, C. novyi (gas gangrene pathogens), C. difficile, C. perfringens type A (pseudomembranous colitis), C. difficile (antibioticassociated diarrhea), C. perfringens type A (necrotic enteritis, foodborne toxicoinfection)

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