Abstract
In this paper, we present for the first time the derivation of the constituent equations for any kind of clamped-free piezoelectric multilayer bending actuators under different excitation conditions formulated generally for any point over the entire length of the actuator. The constituent equations are presented by a 4/spl times/4 matrix M, which combines the extensive parameters mechanical moment M at the end of the bender, force F applied perpendicularly to the tip of the bender, uniform pressure load p applied over the entire length of the bender and applied electrical voltage U with the intensive parameters angular deflection /spl alpha/, deflection /spl xi/, volume displacement V and electric charge Q.
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