Abstract
Foodborne diseases caused by multiple etiologic agents are prevalent worldwide affecting both sexes and all age groups. Clonorchiasis is considered as an emerging major foodborne disease of public health problem as about 35 million people are infected globally. It is a foodborne helminthic zoonosis of a greater socioeconomic importance in several countries of Asia. The disease is caused by Clonorchis sinensis, which is a trematode. The infection occurs by the consumption of raw or inadequately cooked fish contaminated with metacercaria of the parasite. The clinical spectrum of disease in humans depends on the burden of parasites. In severe infections, jaundice, cholangitis, ascites, cholecystitis, formation of gall stone, and gastrointestinal bleeding are observed. Maximum cases are observed in males than females, and infection is serious in elderly persons. The diagnosis of disease can be confirmed by parasitological technique. Presently, praziquantel is the drug of choice as it has shown high cure rates in endemic areas. The education campaigns regarding the consumption of properly cooked fish and avoidance of faecal matter to ponds as a fish food are practical strategies that may help to control the disease.
Highlights
Foodborne diseases have emerged as significant growing public health and economic problem
More than 250 diseases of multiple etiologies are described from many regions of the world [2].There are many emerging foodborne parasitic diseases, such as cryptosporidiosis, giardiosis, toxoplasmosis, cyclosporasis, trichinellosis, fascioliasis, echinococcosis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, fasciolopsiasis, clonorchiasis, gnathostomiasis, sparganosis, paragonimiasis, diphylobothriasis, anisakiosis etc., that are transmitted through contaminated food and water [3,1] Very recently, Pal and co-workers (2018) presented a systematic review on the public health importance of foodborne helminthisis
Clonorchiasis, known as Chinese liver fluke disease, Oriental liver fluke, is an important foodborne helminthic zoonosis of public health importance and is caused by Clonorchis sinensis that parasitizes the human intra-hepatic bile duct [5,6] The history of clonorchiasis goes back to year 1874 when a pathologist first described a new species of liver fluke in the bile ducts of a Chinese during autopsy [7].The disease is recorded from many Asian countries, such as China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam [5,8,9,10] Maximum cases of clonorchiasis are reported from China [11]
Summary
Foodborne diseases have emerged as significant growing public health and economic problem. More than 250 diseases of multiple etiologies are described from many regions of the world [2].There are many emerging foodborne parasitic diseases, such as cryptosporidiosis, giardiosis, toxoplasmosis, cyclosporasis, trichinellosis, fascioliasis, echinococcosis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, fasciolopsiasis, clonorchiasis, gnathostomiasis, sparganosis, paragonimiasis, diphylobothriasis, anisakiosis etc., that are transmitted through contaminated food and water [3,1] Very recently, Pal and co-workers (2018) presented a systematic review on the public health importance of foodborne helminthisis.
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