Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster for bisucaberin B (1, bsb gene cluster), an N-hydroxy-N-succinyl diamine (HSD)-based siderophore, was cloned from the marine bacterium Tenacibaculum mesophilum, originated from a marine sponge. The bsb gene cluster consists of six open reading frames (ORFs), in contrast to the four ORFs typically seen in biosynthetic gene clusters of the related molecules. Heterologous expression of the key enzyme, BsbD2, which is responsible for the final biosynthetic step of 1 resulted in production of bisucaberin B (1), but not bisucaberin (2) a macrocyclic counterpart of 1. To date, numbers of related enzymes producing macrocyclic analogues have been reported, but this work represents the first example of the HSD-based siderophore biosynthetic enzyme which exclusively produces a linear molecule rather than macrocyclic counterparts.
Highlights
Siderophores are microbial products that strongly chelate ferric ions, facilitating the acquisition of iron in iron-deficient environments
Iron is essential for the growth of almost all organisms and represents a key limiting factor in bioproduction; microorganisms utilize a variety of siderophores to compete for iron [1]
Recent work has revealed that avaroferrin (3), an N-hydroxy-N-succinyl diamine (HSD)-based siderophore that is produced by a marine bacterium, halts swarming of a competitive bacterium [5]
Summary
Siderophores are microbial products that strongly chelate ferric ions, facilitating the acquisition of iron in iron-deficient environments. Iron is essential for the growth of almost all organisms and represents a key limiting factor in bioproduction; microorganisms utilize a variety of siderophores to compete for iron [1]. Recent work has revealed that avaroferrin (3), an N-hydroxy-N-succinyl diamine (HSD)-based siderophore that is produced by a marine bacterium, halts swarming of a competitive bacterium [5]. These observations suggest that siderophores contribute to complex chemical communications among environmental microorganisms. Desferrioxamines and related molecules (1–8) are representative bacterial siderophores composed primarily of N-hydroxy-N-succinyl cadaverine (HSC, 9) and N-hydroxy-N-succinyl putrescine (HSP, 10) subunits, and have been isolated from various bacterial phyla (Figure 1) [6,7,8,9,10].
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