Abstract
In China, Rosa rugosa is cultivated as a source of natural perfumes. Rose essential oil is known as “liquid gold”, given its high economic and health value. 2-phenylethanol accounts for more than 10% of the total mass fraction of the essential oil derived from R. rugosa. The regulatory mechanisms underlying 2-phenylethanol metabolism in R. rugosa, however, remain unclear. In this study, RrAAAT and RrPPDC1, two genes related to 2-phenylethanol synthesis, were cloned from R. rugosa. Expression analysis revealed that RrAAAT and RrPPDC1 were highly expressed in rose flowers in the full opening and withering stages, and in calyxes. The overexpression vectors of RrAADC, RrAAAT, and RrPPDC1 were established and transformed into Petunia hybrida via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Results demonstrated that the overexpression of RrAADC and RrAAAT increased the 2-phenylethanol content of transgenic petunia flowers. The results of this study provide a basis for the introduction of genes related to 2-phenylethanol synthesis into roses to increase the 2-phenylethanol content of rose essential oil.
Highlights
IntroductionRosa rugosa is an economically useful ornamental plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family
Rosa rugosa is an economically useful ornamental plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family.It has been cultivated for more than 1300 years in China
The RrPPDC1 cDNA sequence has a full length of 2078 bp, and it encodes 606 amino acids, including an initiation codon, a complete open reading frame (1818 bp), a termination codon, a 50 noncoding region (71 bp), a 30 noncoding region (177 bp), and a polyA tail
Summary
Rosa rugosa is an economically useful ornamental plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has been cultivated for more than 1300 years in China. Rose essential oil is extracted from rose flowers, and is known as “liquid gold”. It is widely used in high-end cosmetics and aromatherapy. In Bulgaria, France, Turkey, Morocco, and other European countries, rose essential oil is extracted mainly from the flowers of Rosa damascena or Rosa centifolia, which have been recently introduced to. The morphological characteristics and floral headspace compounds of these flowers, differ from those of the traditional Chinese rose [1]
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