Abstract
As prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) can improve the intestinal flora and have important applications in medicine. β-galactosidases could promote the synthesis of GOSs in lactose and catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose. In this study, a new β-galactosidase gene (gal2A), which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 2, was cloned from marine bacterium Alteromonas sp. QD01 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of Gal2A was 117.07 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of Gal2A were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. At the same time, Gal2A showed wide pH stability in the pH range of 6.0–9.5, which is suitable for lactose hydrolysis in milk. Most metal ions promoted the activity of Gal2A, especially Mn2+ and Mg2+. Importantly, Gal2A exhibited high transglycosylation activity, which can catalyze the formation of GOS from milk and lactose. These characteristics indicated that Gal2A may be ideal for producing GOSs and lactose-reducing dairy products.
Highlights
As prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) can improve the intestinal flora and have important applications in medicine. β-galactosidases could promote the synthesis of GOSs in lactose and catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose
Introduction β-galactosidase is one of the most important glycoside hydrolases that can regulate the hydrolytic process of lactose by splitting the terminal nonreducing β-D-galactose components [1]
One of its most important application fields is acting as a potential treatment option for lactose intolerance in addition to reducing lactose intake [3]
Summary
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) can improve the intestinal flora and have important applications in medicine. β-galactosidases could promote the synthesis of GOSs in lactose and catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) can improve the intestinal flora and have important applications in medicine. Β-galactosidases could promote the synthesis of GOSs in lactose and catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose. Gal2A exhibited high transglycosylation activity, which can catalyze the formation of GOS from milk and lactose. Lactose intolerance occurs in approximately 2/3 of the world’s population due to lactase deficiency [4] When these individuals consume foods high in lactose, they can experience a range of symptoms, such as diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. A study has showed that unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides can reduce obesity by regulating the intestinal flora [11]. Zhai et al exhibited that GOSs can reduce lead accumulation in mice by regulating the intestinal flora and decreasing gut permeability [16].
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