Abstract
Introduction: To compare the effects of oral clonidine and tramadol on shivering caused by spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy (TUL).
 Methods: The present study is a triple-blind clinical trial conducted on 80 elective urologic surgical candidates during 2016-2017 at Tehran Hasheminejad Hospital in Iran. Using the Balanced Block Randomization method, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups (40 patients per group) 90 minutes before performing spinal anesthesia. The first group (group C) received 150 µg of oral clonidine and the second group (group T) received 50 mg of oral tramadol. Body temperature, core body temperature, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and shivering were recorded for the patients at different time periods, and entered in the SPSS22 software program. The above variables were then statistically analyzed using independent sample T-tests chi-squared tests and Repeated Measure ANOVA.
 Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between the clonidine and tramadol treatment groups with regards to some variables, such as average body temperature and average core temperature, at different time periods. However, for other variables, such as heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and shivering, there were no significant statistical differences between the two treatment groups (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: Clonidine and tramadol treatment groups were only significantly different in terms of body temperature and core temperature. Therefore, it is recommended that other precise randomized clinical trials be performed to ensure the accuracy of the results of this study.
 
 Peer Review Details
 
 
 
 
 
 Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy 
 Plagiarism software screening?: Yes
 Date of Original Submission: 04 September 2017
 Date accepted: 30 September 2017
 Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami 
 Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham
 
 
 
 
 
Highlights
To compare the effects of oral clonidine and tramadol on shivering caused by spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy (TUL)
It is recommended that other precise randomized clinical trials be performed to ensure the accuracy of the results of this study
The goal of this study was to compare the oral effects of clonidine and tramadol on prevention of shivering resulting from spinal anesthesia
Summary
To compare the effects of oral clonidine and tramadol on shivering caused by spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing transurethral lithotripsy (TUL). Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a significant statistical difference (P0.05). Postanesthetic shivering is one of the most common postoperative complications It involves involuntary movements of one or more groups of muscles and its prevalence varies from 3.6 to 65% (Hemmati et al, 2014). Shivering is an involuntary muscle movement which sharply raises basal metabolism It is induced when the preoptic area of the hypothalamus senses that the body is too cold. Postanesthetic shivering consists of involuntary muscular contractions and movements which the patient has no control over; it is identifiable but if left untreated, may last many minutes or even hours after the operation is performed (Buggy and Crossley, 2000; De Witte and Sessler, 2002)
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