Clonidine as vasoconstrictor with lignocaine for intraoral anaesthesia in patients with hypertension

Abstract

Background: Local block anaesthesia achieved with an adrenaline containing solution can lead to an increase in plasma adrenaline with significant and non-significant cardiovascular changes. Clinical studies have suggested that clonidine might have haemodynamic advantages over adrenaline as a vasoconstrictor because of its central hypotensive effect. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of clonidine as vasoconstrictor, to check any changes in haemodynamic parameters and also to find out the onset, duration, intensity of local anaesthesia. Methods: Study included 280 patients of ASA II group, aged 40–70 years, for extraction of mandibular teeth. Patients received 2 mL of 2% lidocaine with clonidine in concentration of 15 mg/mL. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, were recorded before, during, 5 min after administration of anaesthesia, during extraction, and 10 min after extraction. Findings: One way repeated measure analysis of variance was done using SPSS Vs 20. There is a significant difference in the haemodynamic parameters during different duration of anaesthesia. Conclusion: Clonidine when used with lignocaine as vasoconstrictor for intraoral anaesthesia in hypertensive patients brought about a reduction in the blood pressure retaining all the properties of lignocaine.