Abstract
Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) induces drastic genomic reprogramming in the donor cell nuclei, and cloned animals can be generated from various cell types. Since it is known that the success rate of cloning from embryonic stem (ES) cells is higher than that from somatic cells, it has been postulated that efficiency in mammalian cloning is inversely correlated with the donor cells' differentiation status. In this chapter, an overview is provided of the various approaches that have been used in cloning from adult stem cells, especially from hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, nuclear transfer-derived ES (ntES) cell lines have been established from many different tissues of adult mice. These ntES cells can also be used as donor cells for generating cloned animals. Recent reports of the generation of cloned mice using ntES technology are also reviewed. Keywords: Animal cloning; Adult stem cells; Nuclear transfer; Reprogramming; ntES cell
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