Clone-Dependent Expression of Esca Disease Revealed by Leaf Metabolite Analysis.

Florian Moret,Gilles Clément,Sophie Trouvelot,Florence Fontaine,Claire Grosjean,Lucile Jacquens,Jonathan Negrel,Christian Coelho,Marielle Adrian,Christelle Lemaître-Guillier,Guillaume Morvan,Grégory Mouille

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01960

Abstract

Grapevine trutk diseases, especially Esca, are of major concern since they gradually alter vineyards worldwide and cause heavy economic losses. The expression of Esca disease symptoms depends on several factors, including the grapevine cultivar. In this context, a possible clone-dependent expression of the Esca disease was studied. Two clones of ‘Chardonnay’ grown in the same plot were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and foliar symptom expression. Analysis of their leaf metabolome highlighted differences related to symptom expression. Interestingly, the content of a few specific metabolites exhibited opposite variations in leaves of symptomatic shoots of clones 76 and 95. Altogether this study showed a clone-dependent expression of Esca disease in ‘Chardonnay’ and the relevance of GC-MS and 3D fluorescence methods to analyze the impact of the disease on the leaf metabolome.

Highlights

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) gradually alter vineyards worldwide, causing important economic losses (De la Fuente et al, 2016)
Values obtained for delta 13C measurements in musts were not significantly different between the two clones (−23.56 and −23.45 for clones 76 and 95, respectively)
This study was conducted in order to highlight a possible clonedependent expression of Esca disease

Summary

Introduction

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) gradually alter vineyards worldwide, causing important economic losses (De la Fuente et al, 2016). In California, yield losses in many vineyards over age 10 can reach over 90% (Baumgartner et al, 2014). The impact of such diseases, especially Esca, was limited thanks to the use of sodium arsenite. In 2003, because of its high toxicity on human health and environment (Spinosi et al, 2009), this fungicide was prohibited in Europe. No efficient treatment is since available to control GTDs (Spinosi et al, 2009; Gramaje et al, 2018; Mondello et al, 2018). Research is required to gain a better knowledge of these diseases and their expression in order to limit their development

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