Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diversity of drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from families who own cattle in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive‐unit‐variable number tandem repeat (MIRU‐VNTR) typing. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated using MIRU‐VNTR and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis families were evaluated using spoligotyping. Spoligotyping grouped 91% of the isolates into seven clusters, while 9% of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from TB isolates were unclustered from a total of 154 DNA used. Previously described shared types were observed in 89.6% of the isolates, with the Beijing family, SIT1, the principal genotype in the province, while the families T, SIT53 and X1, SIT1329 were the least detected genotypes. MIRU‐VNTR grouped 81% of the isolates in 23 clusters while 19% were unclustered. A combination of the VNTR and spoligotyping grouped 79% of the isolates into 23 clusters with 21% unclustered. The low level of diversity and the clonal spread of drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates advocate that the spread of TB in this study may be instigated by the clonal spread of Beijing genotype. The results from this study provide vital information about the lack of TB control and distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain types in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
Highlights
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) grounds eight million novel cases of tuberculosis (TB) and two million deaths every year
We report on the clonality and genetic profiles of MTBC among drug-resistant isolates from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as part of our bigger studies on reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in South Africa
This study is the first in the Eastern Cape Province to report about the population structure of resistant M. tuberculosis
Summary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) grounds eight million novel cases of tuberculosis (TB) and two million deaths every year. IS6110 RFLP typing is arduous, requires enormous quantities of DNA and has deprived discriminatory power on M. tuberculosis isolates with little or no IS61 l0 copy number (Chaoui, Zozio, & Lahlou, 2014), it is known as the orientation technique for genotyping of M. tuberculosis strains (Mathema, Kurepina, Bifani, & Kreiswirth, 2006; van Soolingen, 2001). These limitations of IS6110 have been compensated by the development of PCR-based methods such as spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR (Supply, Magdalena, Himpens, & Locht, 1997; Supply et al, 2006). We report on the clonality and genetic profiles of MTBC among drug-resistant isolates from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as part of our bigger studies on reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in South Africa
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