Clonal Propagation of Valeriana jatamansi Retains the Essential Oil Profile of Mother Plants: An Approach Toward Generating Homogenous Grade of Essential Oil for Industrial Use.

Rahul Dev Gautam,Ramesh Chauhan,Manish Kumar,Dinesh Kumar,Ajay Kumar,Ashok Kumar,Satbeer Singh,Sanatsujat Singh,Ravi Kumar

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.738247

Abstract

Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Syn. V. wallichii DC.) is an aromatic, medicinal herb used as a tranquilizer and in treating sleep disorders. Rhizome is mainly used to extract essential oil (EO) and valepotriates. High quality and economic yield of rhizomes are available in the third year of growth. Therefore, the cultivation of V. jatamansi is not picking up, and over-exploitation of this plant from wild habitats to meet the increasing demand of the pharmaceutical industry is the cause of threat to the genetic diversity of the species. Further, collections from the wild are heterogeneous, resulting in variable produce. The development of clonal lines can ensure uniform quality and yield of rhizome biomass. An effective clonal propagation method was standardized using different hormonal concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on apical shoot cuttings from the selected clone CSIR-IHBT-VJ-05 for different time durations and raised over various planting media. NAA treatment of 50 ppm concentration for 30 min was found optimum for root induction in apical shoots of V. jatamansi. Variations for EO composition within the clone were non-significant, while samples of the control population were variable. The best quality EO (patchouli alcohol ∼62%) was available during the third year of plant growth. A propagation technique for large-scale quality plant material (QPM) production has been standardized to reduce the stress over natural resources and promote V. jatamansi for use in the aromatic and pharmaceutical industry.

Highlights

Valeriana jatamansi Jones, commonly known as “Indian Valerian” (English name) and “Mushkbala” (Hindi name), is a perennial aromatic medicinal herb belonging to the family Valerianaceae
Propagation through the division of rhizomes takes up to 3 years in V. jatamansi and is not feasible as rhizomes and roots are the parts utilized for the production of essential oil (EO) and valepotriates in this species
Significant variations among treatments of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were observed for root growth parameters in apical shoots of V. jatamansi

Summary

Introduction

Valeriana jatamansi Jones, commonly known as “Indian Valerian” (English name) and “Mushkbala” (Hindi name), is a perennial aromatic medicinal herb belonging to the family Valerianaceae It is a perennial and shade-loving plant found at elevations ranging from 1200 to 4000 m amsl in the temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan and between 1200 and 2000 m amsl in Khasi and Jaintia hills in North East India (Anonymous, 1976). Extraction of iridoids is performed using powdered air dried roots with ethanol alcohol (Wang et al, 2017; Quan et al, 2019), while EO is extracted through the hydrodistillation method using Clevenger type apparatus (Thusoo et al, 2014; Jugran et al, 2020).The plant has a vital role in curing many diseases and disorders, including epilepsy, hysteria, leprosy, asthma, snakebite, and scorpion stings in Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine (Mukherjee, 2015) It has important use in the preparation of Havan and Dhoop in the Indian local markets. It has important use in the preparation of Havan and Dhoop in the Indian local markets. Dua et al (2008) reported extracts of V. jatamansi to be effective against the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of mosquitoes

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