Abstract
The use of hormones is important in improving the propagation process. The objective of the experiment was to identify the best dose of indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone for the rooting of coffee cuttings of the typical variety through clonal propagation in the Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in two stages. Both stages were carried out under a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The percentage of rooting of cuttings and the number of roots were evaluated. The coffee tree clones were collected from rust tolerant elite plants. In the laboratory, the cuttings were immersed for 10 minutes in fungicide and then in five doses of IBA hormone (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mg L−1) of IBA. They were then placed in a microtunnel. With the best dose obtained in stage 1 of IBA (T4: 2000 mg L−1), which achieved a rooting percentage of 52.50% and 5.8 roots on average, stage 2 was installed for the evaluation of acclimatization conditions (greenhouse and nursery). Thirty plants of the Típica variety were evaluated per treatment. Regarding the results after 90 days, the greenhouse obtained the highest values with 72.22% survival, a plant height of 9.48 cm, 4.32 mm stem diameter, 6.53 leaves per plant, 9.65 cm leaf length, and 3.83 cm leaf width. The IBA hormone in a controlled environment such as the greenhouse achieves good vegetative propagation for the Típica variety.
Highlights
In Peru, coffee is the main agricultural export product
It was prepared based on 100 mL of solution for each dose, considering the weights of 0.10 g (1000 mg L−1), 0.15 g (1500 mg L−1), 0.20 g (2000 mg L−1), 0.25 g (2500 mg L−1), and 0.30 g (3000 mg L−1) of the indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone weighed on an analytical balance. e IBA hormone was placed in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask and diluted in 96° alcohol
In the rooting percentage evaluated 90 days after planting, the hormone dose of 2500 mg L−1 (T4) achieved 52.50 ± 14.73% rooting and was significantly higher than the treatment without hormone (T0) (Figure 1(a)), which differs from that reported by Gonzalez [17] who found the best rooting value for coffee cuttings with the reference dose of 2000 mg L−1 of IBA hormone. e rooting value obtained by this treatment is in a medium range, so it is still favorable
Summary
In Peru, coffee is the main agricultural export product. According to the last National Agricultural Census-CENAGRO, approximately 223,000 families grow 425,400 ha of coffee, 91% of which are concentrated in seven regions: Junın, San Martın, Cajamarca, Cusco, Amazonas, Huanuco, and Pasco [1]. The optimal age to achieve better-rooting percentages of cuttings with the use of hormones is in the range of 65–74 days [6] Another factor to consider is the relationship of the coffee crop with the surrounding environment, that is, the influence of climatic factors on the development of the crop [13], with acclimatization being important, since it is a determining factor for the mass propagation of coffee plants [14]. E preparation of the indole butyric acid (IBA) doses was carried out the day before planting cuttings in the coffee in vitro propagation laboratory of the Amazonas Agricultural Experiment Station It was prepared based on 100 mL of solution for each dose, considering the weights of 0.10 g (1000 mg L−1), 0.15 g (1500 mg L−1), 0.20 g (2000 mg L−1), 0.25 g (2500 mg L−1), and 0.30 g (3000 mg L−1) of the IBA hormone weighed on an analytical balance. Leaf length was measured from the base of the petiole to the apex, and leaf width was measured at the middle of the leaf
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