Clonal Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Canine Pyoderma.

Vanessa Silva,Diogo Contente,Ana Oliveira,Vera Manageiro,Isabel Carvalho,Rosa Capita,Gilberto Igrejas,Manuela Caniça,Patrícia Poeta,Carlos Alonso-Calleja,José L Capelo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030482

Abstract

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) antimicrobial resistance and epidemic genetic lineages is posing a challenge in veterinary medicine due to the limited therapeutical options. MRSP has been identified as an important canine pyoderma pathogen. Thus, we aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and clonal lineages of MRSP isolated from canine cutaneous pyoderma. Thirty-one MRSP isolates recovered from pyoderma were further characterized. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of antimicrobial and virulence genes was carried out by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing was performed in all isolates. All strains had a multidrug-resistant profile showing resistance mainly to penicillin, macrolides and lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which was encoded by the blaZ, ermB, msr(A/B), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, tetM, tetK and dfrG genes. All isolates harbored the lukS-I/lukF-I virulence factors. Isolates were ascribed to nine previously described sequence types (STs): ST123, ST339, ST727, ST71, ST537, ST45, ST1029, ST118 and ST1468; and to five STs first described in this study: ST2024, ST2025, ST2026, ST2027 and ST2028. In this study, most isolates belonged to ST123 (n = 16), which belongs to CC71 and is the most common clone in Europe. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, which may impose a serious threat to animal health.

Highlights

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has been increasing over the years, and it is highly associated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and industry [1]
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in canine pyoderma is moderate to high according to some studies [29,30]
Multidrug-resistant MRSP were detected in all isolates and they seem to be a common cause of cutaneous pyoderma, leading to an incidence of subsequent infections

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has been increasing over the years, and it is highly associated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture and industry [1]. The indiscriminative use of different antibiotics over the years has led to the emergence of multi-resistant staphylococci strains due to mutations in genes that encode target proteins, and through the acquisition and accumulation of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics [3]. Staphylococci often carry resistance to antibiotics, with resistance to β-lactams such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, being of particular importance [4]. Staphylococci present different mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams, such as the presence of modified penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), the production of β-lactamase enzymes and the tolerance phenomena [5].

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