Abstract
The formation of incrustations on public water supply well screens reduces their performance considerably. The incrustations increase hydraulic losses, reduce the capacity of the well and screen, affect the quality of the pumped water and increase maintenance costs. In alluvial environments, the most common deposits are iron and manganese hydroxides. However, the rates of formation, compositions and levels of crystallization vary, depending on the geochemical characteristics of the alluvial environment, the microbiological characteristics of the groundwater and the abstraction method. Samples of 15 incrustations were collected from wells that tap shallow alluvial aquifers and were found to be dominated by iron. XRD analyses detected low-crystalline ferrihydrite and manganese hydroxide in the samples collected from the water supply source at Trnovce (Velika Morava alluvial). The incrustations from the Belgrade Groundwater Source revealed the presence of ferrihydrite and a substantial amount of goethite ?-FeOOH. Apart from goethite, greigite (Fe3S4) was detected in three samples, while one sample additionally contained bernalite Fe(OH)3 and monoclinic sulfur S8. Among carbonates, only siderite was detected. Iron oxidizing bacteria generally catalyze deposition processes in wells, while sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) play a role in the biogenic formation of greigite. Determining the nature of the deposited material allows better selection of rehabilitation chemicals and procedure.
Highlights
Alluvial environments are collectors of groundwater, which is often used for the public water supply
In Serbia, around 70% of the water supply comes from groundwater of which over 50 % comes from alluvial aquifers (DIMKIĆ et al 2007a)
During the initial period of service (1956 to 1965), the wells relied on dynamic groundwater reserves to a large extent
Summary
Alluvial environments are collectors of groundwater, which is often used for the public water supply. In Serbia, around 70% of the water supply comes from groundwater of which over 50 % comes from alluvial aquifers (DIMKIĆ et al 2007a). Groundwater abstraction is often hindered by well clogging The aim of this paper is to indicate the different mineralogical incrustations formed on screen slots of shallow wells taps different redox environments. The given results could improve well rehabilitation techniques and help in decision making for using appropriate chemicals depending on incrustation type
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