Abstract
Ultrafast Dynamics Einstein earned his Nobel Prize for a quantum-mechanical explanation of electron ejection from metals by light. More than a century later, attosecond spectroscopy has let researchers explore that process in real time. Tao et al. used attosecond pulse trains to distinguish the dynamics of electrons excited from a nickel surface into discrete states versus free space (see the Perspective by Bovensiepen and Liggues). They succeeded in resolving a time delay of ∼200 as that was associated with excitation into unoccupied band states. Science , this issue p. [62][1]; see also p. [28][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf6793 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aag1090
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