Abstract
This chapter reviews two important time services in internet of things systems that is data timestamping and clock synchronization. It describes the system model and the problems of natural timestamping and clock synchronization. The chapter introduces the background knowledge about electric network frequency fluctuations and powerline electromagnetic radiation (EMR). It presents key hardware and algorithm designs for EMR natural timestamping. The chapter also presents a low‐cost implementation of the proposed technique, and discusses benchmark results that guide the settings of several important parameters of the natural timestamping algorithm. It then presents the applications of EMR natural timestamping. The chapter provides an extensive set of experiments at five office and residential deployment sites conducted over long periods of time to validate the EMR natural timestamping. It also discusses three applications of time recovery, run‐time clock verification, and secure clock synchronization.
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