Abstract
Lipid profile comparative analysis was performed to reveal the interdependence of lipids with Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) 3111T/C gene polymorphism in menopausal women with/without a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. Methods: A total of 193 female volunteers aged 45 to 60 years were divided into two groups: Those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (control) and those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: Those with the CLOCK TT-genotype and those with the CLOCK TC-, CC-genotypes. Lipid metabolism parameters were determined by the enzymatic method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected via polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Results: There were no differences in CLOCK 3111T/C genotypes or allele frequency between the control and main groups. In addition, there were no differences in lipid profile parameters between women of the control group and different CLOCK 3111T/C genotypes. The total cholesterol (p = 0.041) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.036) levels were higher in the subgroup of women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and CLOCK TT-genotype as compared to the subgroup with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and minor allele 3111C. Conclusions: SNP 3111T/C of the CLOCK gene is not associated with BMI however, data suggest that the minor allele of the CLOCK 3111T/C gene polymorphism may have a protective role in atherogenic lipid levels in women with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2.
Highlights
The prevalence of being overweight and obesity is growing steadily in developed and developing countries [1]
It can be assumed that the Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 3111T/C of the Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) gene is not associated with being overweight in menopausal women
TG, total cholesterol (TC), and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and prevented body mass gain through a decreased lipogenesis rate and increased lipolytic capacity in white adipocytes, with a concomitant increment in oxygen consumption and PGC1A and PRDM16 expression [33]. Taking these results into account, we suggest that the TC and LDL-C level increases in overweight women with 3111T/C SNP of the CLOCK gene major allele in our study may be associated with melatonin secretion changes
Summary
The prevalence of being overweight and obesity is growing steadily in developed and developing countries [1]. It is known that being overweight can contribute to the development of diseases such as diabetes [2], cardiovascular diseases [3], asthma [4], cancer [5], and others. In this context, the task of finding predictors of being overweight does not lose its relevance. The single-nucleotide substitution in the 30 -untranslated region (UTR) of the CLOCK gene (3111T/C, rs1801260) is the most studied Associations of this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were identified with the sleep–wake cycle [7,8,9,10], and with body weight [11,12].
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