Abstract

Objective To investigate the etiopathogenisis, characteristics of pathology, prognosis and clinical outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). Methods From January 2003 to December 2012, forty autopsy cases of NIHF and one case of NIHF were included into this study. The clinical history, laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, the etiopathogenisis, pathogenesis, pathology features and prognosis of NIHF were discussed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation of Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all participates' patients. Results All of the forty-one cases were diagnosed as NIHF. Among them, twenty-two cases (53.7%) combined multiple malformations, thirteen cases (31.7%) combined single malformations, six cases (14.6%) without explicit malformations. The major etiology and associated diagnosis showed that fetal nuchal cystic hygroma was the most common (53.7%, 22/41), and the following were placenta and umblilical factors (24.4%, 10/41), cardiac abnormalities(12.2%, 5/41) and digestion abnormalities(7.3%, 3/41), etc.. Furthermore, termination of pregnancy were 24 cases (58.5%), dead fetus in uterus and abortion during third trimester were 14 cases (34.1%), another 3 cases (7.3%) delivered, but only 1 cases (2.4%) survivaled. Conclusions The pathological features and etiology of NIHF are extremely complex, placenta and umblilical abnormality may be related to the development of NIHF, at the same time, placenta and umblilical abnormality are the pathological changes of NIHF. NIHF could cause relevant changes in placenta with poor prognosis. Key words: Hydrops fetalis; Autopsy; Pathology, clinical; Placenta; Prognosis

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