Clinicopathological Study of Oral Malignancies in Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Throughout the world, oral cancer ranks sixth in terms of prevalence and accounts for 30% of head and neck malignancies. Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and other carcinogenic items has been linked to an increase in the incidence of mouth cancer in India. Despite major advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy methods, advanced stages of the illness are difficult to treat. The study's aims to calculate and analyse the average age, sex, anatomical subsite, aetiology, morphological characteristics, stage of presentation, and histology of oral cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients attending the ENT OPD at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital were evaluated and studied. All malignant tumours of the lip, cheek, alveolus, tongue, floor of the mouth, and hard palate were included in this investigation. To determine the origin and histological grading of the tumour, all patients underwent wedge biopsy of the lesion, followed by histopathology evaluation of the specimen. RESULTS The male to female oral cancer ratio is 3:2. In 50 patients, 22 of them, had buccal cancer. Of the 50 patients, 39 had stage I presentations. CONCLUSION Oral cancer incidence peaked in the sixth decade of life, with a 3:2 male to female ratio. The most typical location is the buccal mucosa. 50 patients, or 22 of them, had buccal cancer. The majority of the subjects showed ulcerative lesions and pain. All of the patients exhibited Squamous cell carcinoma as a histopathological type. Due to increasing knowledge and the accessibility of medical treatments, 39 out of 50 patients appeared at stage I.